Radar is just above the radio and TV frequencies, and just below the visible light spectrum. Starting at the lower frequencies, they are HF, UHF, VHF, L-band, S-band, C-band, X-band, Ku-band, K-band, Ka-band, V-band, W-band, millimeter wave (mm), and LADAR (Laser Detection and Ranging). At this point, we’ll use the IEEE radar band designations to avoid severe reader disorientation. How can radar disclose all this information? By using different frequencies, beam widths, waveforms, pulse widths, and receiver locations. When radar executes elements 2 through 5, it's called "interrogating the target." What do we want radar to tell us? There are five basic components: (1) detect enemy targets at a distance (on land, sea, under the sea, and in the air and space), (2) accurately define the target’s behavior (position, speed, altitude, and course) (3) determine what the target is (airplanes, helicopters, ships, tanks, submarines, missiles, drones), (4) identify the target precisely (the specific type of airplane, drone, helicopter, ship, tank, missile), and (5) reveal the target’s physical attributes (size, shape, and the number of weapons, missiles, bombs, and fuel tanks on board). We’ll focus on active radar in this article. Passive radar only uses receivers, and detects existing radio signals inside the kill web bouncing off the target, like TV stations, cellphones, and radio stations (AM and FM). Bistatic and multistatic radar are used to detect stealth aircraft from multiple angles. Monostatic radar is one transmitter and one receiver located together bistatic is one transmitter and one receiver, but the receiver is located away from the transmitter and multistatic uses multiple transmitters and multiple receivers, all in different places. Active radar sends out a radio signal from a transmitter, it reflects off the target, and returns to the receiver. There are two basic types of radar: active and passive. Therefore, we will look at what radar does in the kill web, and a little about how it works. So, the safest way to eliminate the confusion in a short article like this is oversimplification. Each of these approaches spill over into the next, creating a convoluted mess if you?re not careful. Radar can be studied from several different angles: by the domain covered (land, sea, undersea, air, and space), by the frequencies used (the IEEE, EU/NATO, and ITU all use different frequency band designations, making things even more confusing), by the range of the signal (long range surveillance, intermediate-range theater coverage, and short-range fire control radar), by application (offensive radar vs defensive radar), or by radar types (there are about 13 of them). WARFARE EVOLUTION BLOG: This is a complex topic, broad in applications and deep in technical details.
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